The following benefits are excluded: Appellate court proceedings, class actions, interventions, malpractice proceedings, actions in which punitive damages are being sought, derivative actions and amicus curiae filings. The preparation and filing of individual, partnership or estate tax returns, appellate or administrative proceedings related to tax returns, litigation before the U.S. Tax Court, U.S. Court of Claims or any other federal, state or other courts with respect to tax matters. Matters relating to: securities, trademark or patent matters; business or commercial interests, including, but not limited to, professional, partnership and/or corporate matters; matters arising out of a Member/Covered Family Member’s role as an officer or director of an organization; matters involving the law or laws of jurisdictions other than the United States and its territories; any matters involving a government (domestic or foreign) entity or agency ; farm related issues; matters involving commercial or rental property transactions, including the purchase, sale or lease of investment or income-producing property. A multi-family residence, whether or not used by the Member/Covered Family Member as his or her primary residence, is deemed an investment or income-producing property. Legal services that are fully paid for or provided at no cost by any governmental agency, organization or insurance company. Matters that the attorney deems frivolous, spurious, harassing, or unethical or otherwise prohibited by the Model Rules of Professional Conduct of the state in which the attorney is licensed. Costs associated with covered legal services, including but not limited to, all fines, court costs, penalties, sanctions, expert witness fees, bonds, bail bonds, attorney fees awarded as part of a judgment, exhibits, deposition costs, filing fees, transcripts, postage, telephone, photocopying, recording fees, messengers, judgments, jury fees, court reporter fees, investigative costs, arbitrator fees, and all other incidental and out-of-pocket legal and litigation costs. Any services on behalf of a Covered Family Member against the interests of the Member. Any employment-related matter. This includes, but is not limited to, any dispute involving the Member’s employer or its affiliates, their officers or directors, the Member’s employee benefit plans, credit unions, programs or arrangements sponsored by an employer, or cases involving workers’ compensation, unemployment compensation, sex harassment, and age discrimination. Any dispute or proceeding against the following persons or entities, their officers, directors, employees, or agents: any person or entity involved in the sale, marketing, administration or other processes related to the Policy; Legal Plan Administrator or its subsidiaries; Claims Administrator or its subsidiaries; Policyholder; Member’s employer; Virginia Surety Company, Inc. and it’s parents, subsidiaries or any affiliated or successor company, plan underwriter or reinsurer; or any Participating and/or Non- Participating Attorney, if the dispute or proceeding pertains to services provided under the Policy. VSC 2500 A (201907) Page 11 of 13 Except for consultation, the Policy will not provide benefits in connection with pre-existing matters, which includes any matter where the Member/Covered Family Member is on notice as to a pending legal dispute or has previously contacted an attorney, except when prior coverage under another Legal Plan provided by the Policyholder can be demonstrated. The Policy does not allow benefits listed under the Covered Services section to be combined for one legal matter. Where there are specific hours or dollar amounts provided in the Policy, or where a maximum is set under the Managed Case Rules, the Member will be responsible for all attorney fees incurred which exceed the maximum. Additional exclusions related to each benefit are included in the Covered Services.